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Haiti - Agriculture : Food Security, Outlook 2018
21/01/2018 08:38:43

Haiti - Agriculture : Food Security, Outlook 2018
The performance of banana crops, roots and tubers, maize and beans among other crops will fuel local food availability until January 2018. Income generated from the sale of these products and the labor force enable households to access the market. Most regions will be in IPC Phase 1 and 2, except for areas affected by IRMA that will be in Phase 3.

From February to May 2018, the situation will remain stable and some areas affected by the IRMA passage will have begun to recover. However, the southern coastal areas will go into crisis because of the cumulative effects of Matthew's passing and the poor results of the spring campaign. Hurricanes IRMA and MARIA had a minimal effect nationwide, but some areas were severely damaged, particularly in the Northeast and North departments.

OUTLOOK 2018 :

Upper Artibonite and North West Department :
Until January 2018, agricultural production will be close to normal, with the exception of some areas due to excess or lack of rainfall. This area is deficient in terms of food production, so households will have to buy from the market for basic food products. The zone will be Phase 1 of the IPC and of Stress Phase 2.

From February to May 2018, during the lean season, the market will still be the main source of food. The sale of winter crops and labor income for land preparation that starts the spring campaign will allow households to finance their purchases. Product prices should be kept within normal limits. Households are gradually recovering livestock losses, but remain vulnerable. Some households sell livestock despite the small size of their herd to buy food or to source agricultural inputs. Under these conditions, most of the area will still be classified in Stress Phase 2.

North, Northeast and Northwest :
Until January 2018, agricultural availability should be ensured in most markets by local products that have been spared by weather conditions, as well as by imported products. Prices for imported products are expected to remain stable and local produce is expected to change normally for the season. On the other hand, households will have limitations to feed in areas most affected by hurricanes. The loss of crops will lead to reduced incomes, household members will more migrate to the Dominican Republic to perform agricultural work or to major cities (Cap-Haitien, Port-de-Paix, Port-au-Prince). In addition, at the level of the coastal communities including Caracol, Limonade, Fort-Liberté and La Tortue, the fishing equipment was damaged and the salt marshes were flooded with indirect consequences on all these sectors. Under these conditions, the most affected areas will be in crisis (Phase 3 of the IPC), while the others will be in Stress Phase 2.

In February and May 2018, households will still have food security restrictions due to reduced revenues from the sale of agricultural and fishing products during the lean season. Livestock, which represents an important source of income during this period, has been severely affected. However, some of the sources of income and livelihoods will have begun to be restored. The food security situation should therefore be maintained in Phase 3 for this second period but with some areas in phase 2.

Grand'Anse, South and Nippes :
Until January 2018, availability of maize and beans to households will be low and they will supply the market for these products. In the meantime, they may have banana, pigeon peas, yam and real tree, among other foods. The sale of bananas, roots and tubers will provide households with an income that will allow them to buy food. In addition, the demand for labor will increase due to summer-fall harvests, soil preparation activities and winter planting. But with the residual effects of past shocks, other sources of income and livelihoods remain disrupted and some households have to adopt unusual strategies in the South from Aquin up to Saint-Jean and some communes in Grand'Anse like Pestel or Corail who will be in Phase 2.

From February to May 2018, revenues from harvest and land preparation activities in the winter and spring seasons will provide households with access to some income. After these activities, the poorest households will have to intensify their strategies to maintain the same level of consumption and the zone will therefore be almost entirely in Phase 2.

Learn more about the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) :

Phase 1 :
Usually adequate and stable food access with moderate to low risk of sliding into Phase 3, 4, or 5.

Phase 2 : Moderately / Borderline Food Insecure
Borderline adequate food access with recurrent high risk (due to probable hazard events and high vulnerability) of sliding into Phase 3, 4, or 5.

Phase 3 : Acute Food and Livelihood Crisis
Highly stressed and critical lack of food access with high and above usual malnutrition and accelerated depletion of livelihood assets that, if continued, will slide the population into Phase 4 or 5 and / or likely result in chronic poverty.

Phase 4 : Humanitarian Emergency
Severe lack of food access with excess mortality, very high and increasing malnutrition, and irreversible livelihood asset stripping.

Phase 5 : Famine / Humanitarian Catastrophe
Extreme social upheaval with complete lack of food access and / or other basic needs where mass starvation, death, and displacement are evident.

HL/ S/ HaitiLibre

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