
Artificial Cell-Derived Vesicles: Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics for Chondrocyte Restoration in TMJOA Therapy
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in individuals over 60 years old, characterized by cartilage matrix degradation, articular cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and osteophyte formation.1 …